Electrification to be sustainable approach to Vietnam's rail modernization

Vietnam’s plans to introduce high-speed rail lines must be supported by electrification, said RMIT logistics and supply chain management senior lecturer Dr Majo George.

The Vietnamese government aims to kick off construction of a high-speed North-South express rail line by 2030, to be ready for operation by 2045.

As announced in April 2024, the priority will be on the Hanoi - Lang Son line, which will extend to the Chinese border, and a line connecting Hanoi with northern provinces, including Lao Cai, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh.

As Vietnam sets out on an ambitious journey to transform its railway system, one key aspect that cannot be overlooked is the electrification of the rail network.

Under Vietnam’s net-zero commitment, the country will shift to using locomotives and train cars running on clean energy by 2050. Railway electrification reflects a forward-thinking strategy that aligns with global sustainability goals and enables enduring development over the next century.

The rationale for electrification

Electrification can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of rail transport compared to the diesel-powered trains currently in use. As nations worldwide commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, electrified railways are becoming a hallmark of sustainable transportation.

These railways tend to be more efficient, with lower maintenance costs and reduced energy consumption in the long run. Such efficiency can improve service reliability and lower operational costs, benefitting both freight and passenger services.

Moreover, electric trains are quieter and offer a smoother ride, enhancing the overall travel experience and potentially boosting passenger demand.

Importantly, electrification sets the foundation for future expansion and innovation. As Vietnam's economy grows and trade volumes increase, an electrified rail network will be better equipped to handle higher capacities and faster trains.

It also opens the door to the use of advanced technologies such as automated train control systems, providing the flexibility needed for continued development over the next century.

Strategic considerations for electrification

Given the scale of Vietnam's railway system, electrification should be approached in phases, prioritizing key routes that significantly impact freight and passenger transport. This gradual implementation allows for efficient resource allocation and minimal disruptions to existing services.

To further enhance sustainability, the rail electrification strategy could include the use of electric power generated from renewable sources like solar and wind. This aligns with Vietnam's broader goals of transitioning to a greener energy mix.

Collaboration and knowledge exchange are also necessary. Countries that have successfully implemented rail electrification, such as Japan, Germany, and China, could offer valuable insights and technology transfer. Additionally, partnering with emerging markets like India, which is also pursuing extensive rail electrification, can lead to shared best practices and innovative solutions tailored to the unique challenges of developing nations.

Finally, electrification requires supportive regulatory and policy frameworks. This includes setting clear standards for rail infrastructure, ensuring safety, and encouraging investment in electric rail technologies. The government must play a proactive role, offering incentives and creating a conducive environment for public and private sector participation.

Electrification is a cornerstone of Vietnam's rail modernization. This bold transition, supported by a phased implementation plan, integration of renewable energy, and strategic collaborations, can help Vietnam meet the demands of international trade and manufacturing, while contributing to a more sustainable world.